The Ottoman Military in Cairo and Egypt
The Defense of Ottoman Egypt During the Ottoman period, the defense of Cairo and the Kingdom of Egypt was placed […]
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Camels Respect for Animals and the Ottoman Way of Life
The Importance of Camels in the Ottoman Empire The camel was one of the most valuable animals in the Ottoman
Lands of Constant War
These provinces have long been known as places of great struggle and suffering. In many wars between the Ottoman Empire
Learning for the Duties of High Office
A great minister, or any high officer of the Empire, was expected to perform his duties with knowledge and judgment.
Envy Rivalry and Court Politics
Emulation and flattery were powerful forces in the Ottoman court. Many rival groups and factions competed for influence, and this
Confusion in the Presence Chamber
Those who entered His Majesty’s Presence Chamber immediately perceived a great tumult and disorder. The noise was so loud and
Land Held under the Crown
A Comparison with English Law In England, lands held from the Crown are protected by fixed and settled laws. A
The School of Painting as a Link
The School of Painting played an important role as a connecting link between the two main art societies in Bulgaria.
Rapid Growth of Savings Banks
The savings banks continued to grow quickly during the early years of the twentieth century. In 1905, the number of
Trade Relations with Germany and France
This article examines Bulgaria’s trade relations with Germany and France during three five-year periods: 1890–1894, 1895–1899, and 1900–1904. The focus