Inheritance of Zaim and Timariot Estates
Military Estates in Rumelia The Ottoman Empire had different rules for passing military estates from one generation to the next. […]
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Morality Charity and Good Works in the Ottoman Empire
The Importance of Morality in Ottoman Society Although some early European writers described the Ottoman Turks as warriors who spent
The Difficult Condition of Wallachia
The state and condition of the province of Wallachia has been no better, and in many ways worse, than that
The Method of Turkish Studies in the Seraglio
In the earlier chapters, we have mainly described the education of young scholars in the Seraglio with regard to physical
Seizure of Goods and Abuse of Authority
In the service of the Grand Signior, goods belonging to merchants were sometimes taken without agreement or payment. These seizures
Confusion in the Presence Chamber
Those who entered His Majesty’s Presence Chamber immediately perceived a great tumult and disorder. The noise was so loud and
Severity as the Nature of the Turkish Government
A System Built on Force and Fear In this form of government, severity, violence, and cruelty are not accidents but
Limited Role of Historical Painting
Historical painting has played only a small role in Bulgarian art. After the early and specialized efforts of Nicolas Pavlovitch,
Professions of Savings Bank Depositors
The savings banks in Bulgaria served people from many different professions and social groups. Official statistics from 1906 show how
Trade Relations with Italy Russia and Greece
Trade Relations with Italy, Russia, and Greece This article reviews Bulgaria’s trade relations with Italy, Russia, and Greece during three