The Spahis The Elite Cavalry of the Ottoman Empire
The Sultan’s Paid Cavalry So far, we have discussed the Ottoman cavalry who were supported by land grants and military […]
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The Ottoman Military System and the Strength of the Empire
A Military Empire The Ottoman Empire became one of the most powerful states in world history largely because of its
The Difficult Condition of Wallachia
The state and condition of the province of Wallachia has been no better, and in many ways worse, than that
The Method of Turkish Studies in the Seraglio
In the earlier chapters, we have mainly described the education of young scholars in the Seraglio with regard to physical
Seizure of Goods and Abuse of Authority
In the service of the Grand Signior, goods belonging to merchants were sometimes taken without agreement or payment. These seizures
Order Restored Inside the Seraglio
Inside the Seraglio, everything was now brought into good order. After the morning prayers were finished, the Baltagees—a special guard
Land Ownership under the Grand Signior
The Supreme Owner of the Land All lands within the empire remain under the sole authority and gift of the
The Prince’s Support for an Art School
In 1887, the Bulgarian Prince held a conversation with the artist Ivan Angeloff, who had organized an exhibition of his
Rapid Growth of Savings Banks
The savings banks continued to grow quickly during the early years of the twentieth century. In 1905, the number of
Trade Relations with Austria-Hungary and Belgium
This article reviews Bulgaria’s trade relations with Austria-Hungary and Belgium during three five-year periods: 1890–1894, 1895–1899, and 1900–1904. The data