Auxiliary Forces of the Ottoman Empire
Allied Armies of the Ottoman Empire In addition to its regular military forces, the Ottoman Empire relied on several auxiliary […]
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Camels Respect for Animals and the Ottoman Way of Life
The Importance of Camels in the Ottoman Empire The camel was one of the most valuable animals in the Ottoman
Lands of Constant War
These provinces have long been known as places of great struggle and suffering. In many wars between the Ottoman Empire
Promotion as Offices Become Vacant
As offices within the Ottoman Empire became vacant, replacements were chosen in an orderly manner. These appointments were usually made
The Limits and Extent of the Prime Vizier’s Power
The Prime Vizier held authority almost as wide as that of the Sultan who granted it to him. In most
A Great Gathering of Armed Men
In a very short time, the gathering of people became extremely large. So many armed men arrived that the gardens
Severity as the Nature of the Turkish Government
A System Built on Force and Fear In this form of government, severity, violence, and cruelty are not accidents but
The School of Painting as a Link
The School of Painting played an important role as a connecting link between the two main art societies in Bulgaria.
The Monetary System of Bulgaria
The official monetary system of Bulgaria is based on two units: the lev and the stotinka. The lev has the
Trade Relations with Greece and Roumania
This article reviews Bulgaria’s trade relations with Greece and Roumania during three five-year periods: 1890–1894, 1895–1899, and 1900–1904. The discussion