The Spahis The Elite Cavalry of the Ottoman Empire
The Sultan’s Paid Cavalry So far, we have discussed the Ottoman cavalry who were supported by land grants and military […]
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Charity Public Inns and Compassion in the Ottoman Empire
Magnificent Public Buildings Throughout the Ottoman Empire, some of the most impressive buildings were the caravanserais (also called khans), along
Moldavia and Its Early Submission
Moldavia, which the Turks called “Eugdan,” first became a tributary state under Sultan Mehmed the Great. At that time, the
Effects of Strict Discipline and Separation
Because of the strict discipline of the Seraglio and the complete separation from women, the young men grew almost entirely
Loss of Office Does Not Always Mean Death
It did not always happen that a Prime Vizier, when removed from his office, also lost his life. Although the
News of Fighting in the Streets
At this moment, news arrived that a fight had broken out in the streets. The outcome was still uncertain, and
Land Held under the Crown
A Comparison with English Law In England, lands held from the Crown are protected by fixed and settled laws. A
Art Societies in Bulgaria
The artists of Bulgaria, including foreign artists who settled in the country, were organized into two main societies: the Society
The Monetary System of Bulgaria
The official monetary system of Bulgaria is based on two units: the lev and the stotinka. The lev has the
Trade Relations with Austria-Hungary and Belgium
This article reviews Bulgaria’s trade relations with Austria-Hungary and Belgium during three five-year periods: 1890–1894, 1895–1899, and 1900–1904. The data