The Power of the Beys in Ottoman Egypt
The Influence of the Egyptian Beys The twelve Beys of Egypt were among the most powerful men in the Ottoman […]
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Charity Public Inns and Compassion in the Ottoman Empire
Magnificent Public Buildings Throughout the Ottoman Empire, some of the most impressive buildings were the caravanserais (also called khans), along
Moldavia and Its Early Submission
Moldavia, which the Turks called “Eugdan,” first became a tributary state under Sultan Mehmed the Great. At that time, the
Age and Readiness for High Office
Before ending this chapter, it is important to note that no one was promoted from the Seraglio without special favor
The Danger and Glory of the Highest Office
The office of the Prime Vizier was not only the highest position of duty and trust in the empire, but
Order Restored Inside the Seraglio
Inside the Seraglio, everything was now brought into good order. After the morning prayers were finished, the Baltagees—a special guard
Land Ownership under the Grand Signior
The Supreme Owner of the Land All lands within the empire remain under the sole authority and gift of the
Limited Role of Historical Painting
Historical painting has played only a small role in Bulgarian art. After the early and specialized efforts of Nicolas Pavlovitch,
Professions of Savings Bank Depositors
The savings banks in Bulgaria served people from many different professions and social groups. Official statistics from 1906 show how
Trade Relations with Austria-Hungary and Belgium
This article reviews Bulgaria’s trade relations with Austria-Hungary and Belgium during three five-year periods: 1890–1894, 1895–1899, and 1900–1904. The data