The Promotion and Benefits of the Ottoman Spahis
Reforming the Military Pay System The Ottoman government understood that soldiers needed to be paid fairly and on time. In […]
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Population Government and Rural Life in the Ottoman Empire
Challenges Across a Vast Empire The Ottoman Empire was one of the largest and most influential empires in history, stretching
The Sale of the Principality
The additional charges placed upon Wallachia, when the principality was sold every three years, were no less than those required
The Limits of Turkish Philosophy
From what has been described so far, the reader may understand the general depth of Turkish philosophy as it was
War as a Means of Survival for a Vizier
According to Ottoman political thought, the only likely way for a weak or unstable Prime Vizier to protect himself was
Titles That Show Absolute Power
The Emperor as God’s Representative on Earth The absolute and unlimited power of the Ottoman Emperor is clearly shown by
The Approach to the Women’s Lodgings
Crying loudly, “Allah, Allah,” the group hurried toward the door of the Women’s Lodgings. There they met several Black Eunuchs
Leading Members of the Older Art Society
Among the members of the older Society of Bulgarian Artists, three figures stand out as especially important: Ivan Markvichka, Anton
The Challenges Facing the Fine Arts
What could the fine arts expect from the Government or from the leaders of the Bulgarian nation in the years
Steamships and Bulgarian Maritime Trade
So far, the discussion has focused mainly on sailing vessels. However, steamships played a much more important role in Bulgarian