The Promotion and Benefits of the Ottoman Spahis
Reforming the Military Pay System The Ottoman government understood that soldiers needed to be paid fairly and on time. In […]
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Military Discipline and the Lives of Ordinary People in the Ottoman Empire
The Burden of Military Campaigns The Ottoman Empire maintained a large and powerful army for many centuries. While military strength
The Former Tribute of Wallachia
In earlier times, the tribute paid by Wallachia to the Grand Signior (the Ottoman Sultan) was the same as that
Ambition to Rise Through Learning
Many students directed their studies toward mastering the art of writing, hoping to rise to honor and high office through
Honor and Humility in Ottoman Thought
Among the Turks, it was not considered shameful to move down from the highest positions of honor and command to
Titles That Show Absolute Power
The Emperor as God’s Representative on Earth The absolute and unlimited power of the Ottoman Emperor is clearly shown by
The Crowd Restrained but Not Calmed
This action restrained the boldness of some who had been ready to lay violent hands upon the woman. Yet the
Ivan Angelov as a Leading Artist
Among the members of the Society of Bulgarian Artists, Ivan Angelov is considered the most accomplished painter. He received his
Reasons for the Arrival of Foreign Artists in Bulgaria
Apart from the needs of educational institutions, several other factors contributed to the arrival of foreign artists in Bulgaria during
Steamships and Bulgarian Maritime Trade
So far, the discussion has focused mainly on sailing vessels. However, steamships played a much more important role in Bulgarian