The Decline of the Ottoman Spahis
The Fall of the Powerful Cavalry The Ottoman Spahis were once among the richest and most respected cavalrymen in the […]
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Military Discipline and the Lives of Ordinary People in the Ottoman Empire
The Burden of Military Campaigns The Ottoman Empire maintained a large and powerful army for many centuries. While military strength
The Sale of the Principality
The additional charges placed upon Wallachia, when the principality was sold every three years, were no less than those required
Ambition to Rise Through Learning
Many students directed their studies toward mastering the art of writing, hoping to rise to honor and high office through
Honor and Humility in Ottoman Thought
Among the Turks, it was not considered shameful to move down from the highest positions of honor and command to
The Crowd Restrained but Not Calmed
This action restrained the boldness of some who had been ready to lay violent hands upon the woman. Yet the
The Solemn Inauguration of the Ottoman Emperor
Prayers for Wisdom and Prosperity At this sacred place, solemn prayers are offered that God will bless the new ruler
Ivan Angelov as a Leading Artist
Among the members of the Society of Bulgarian Artists, Ivan Angelov is considered the most accomplished painter. He received his
Early Attempts at Fine Art in Bulgaria
The first steps taken toward the development of fine art in Bulgaria were modest. They were often naïve and limited
Steamships and Bulgarian Maritime Trade
So far, the discussion has focused mainly on sailing vessels. However, steamships played a much more important role in Bulgarian