The Duties of the Ottoman Spahis During War
Gifts from the Sultan When the Ottoman Sultan personally led the army into battle, he followed an old imperial tradition […]
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Population Government and Rural Life in the Ottoman Empire
Challenges Across a Vast Empire The Ottoman Empire was one of the largest and most influential empires in history, stretching
The Limits of Turkish Philosophy
From what has been described so far, the reader may understand the general depth of Turkish philosophy as it was
The Changing Rule of Transylvania
Transylvania was not completely free from Ottoman pressure, but its situation was somewhat different from that of Moldavia and Wallachia.
War as a Means of Survival for a Vizier
According to Ottoman political thought, the only likely way for a weak or unstable Prime Vizier to protect himself was
The Advantage of Absolute Power in the Turkish Empire
The Strength Gained from Undivided Authority The importance and usefulness of absolute power in the Turkish state can clearly be
The Queen’s Brutal Stripping
The Old Queen was attacked by furious young men who were eager to seize her treasures. In a matter of
A Wide Range of Artistic Work
There is almost no form of painting that Ivan Markvichka did not attempt during his long career. He worked with
Reasons for the Arrival of Foreign Artists in Bulgaria
Apart from the needs of educational institutions, several other factors contributed to the arrival of foreign artists in Bulgaria during
Trade Between Bulgaria and Switzerland
Imports from Switzerland into Bulgaria were highest during the first period, reaching nearly 1.0 million francs. During the second period,