The Pay and Discipline of the Ottoman Spahis
Discipline and Punishment The Ottoman Empire maintained strict discipline among its elite cavalry, the Spahis. Soldiers who committed serious crimes […]
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Population Government and Rural Life in the Ottoman Empire
Challenges Across a Vast Empire The Ottoman Empire was one of the largest and most influential empires in history, stretching
Uncertainty of Power and Failed Predictions
Astrological predictions concerning the unstable condition of great ministers were rarely accurate or pleasing. Those who practiced such forecasting often
The Changing Rule of Transylvania
Transylvania was not completely free from Ottoman pressure, but its situation was somewhat different from that of Moldavia and Wallachia.
Complaints Against Corrupt Officers
The dervish continued his complaint by saying that the officers responsible for public order were careless and negligent in correcting
The Approach to the Women’s Lodgings
Crying loudly, “Allah, Allah,” the group hurried toward the door of the Women’s Lodgings. There they met several Black Eunuchs
The Emperor’s Power Within and Beyond the Law
Power That Appears Limited, Yet Is Not It may be said that the Emperor cannot truly be called a prisoner,
Shared Principles of the Society of Modern Art
The members of the Society of Modern Art shared several important principles. The most significant of these was the belief
The Challenges Facing the Fine Arts
What could the fine arts expect from the Government or from the leaders of the Bulgarian nation in the years
Trade Between Bulgaria and Switzerland
Imports from Switzerland into Bulgaria were highest during the first period, reaching nearly 1.0 million francs. During the second period,