The Decline of the Ottoman Spahis
Losing Their Prestige The Spahis were once among the most respected soldiers in the Ottoman Empire. Their close relationship with […]
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Understanding the Strength of the Ottoman Military
The Reputation of the Ottoman Army For many centuries, the Ottoman Empire was known for its powerful and well-organized military.
The Annual Tribute to the Sultan
From the time of the first agreement, the tribute of Ragusa continued without interruption. Every year, in the month of
Kara-Hajjan Visits the Grand Signior
Kara-Hajjan, the newly elected Aga of the Janizaries, went to the Seraglio to thank the Grand Signior for the honor
The Silent Language of the Ottoman Court
One of the most unusual features of the Ottoman court was the use of mutes, whose language of signs was
The Sultan’s Table at the Vizier’s Expense
The Grand Signior often demands twenty dishes of meat, which is the usual amount served at his ordinary table. On
The Structure of Slavery in Ottoman Government
A Government Built on Servitude If a person carefully considers the structure of the entire Turkish government, he will find
Artists of the Older School
Among the remaining artists of the older school, most can be described as conventional in style. They followed established rules
A New Stage in Bulgarian Art Exhibitions
The first exhibition of Bulgarian art, although modest and limited in scope, did not deserve the indifference with which it
Shipping Activity on the Danube and the Black Sea
This section compares maritime traffic on the Danube River and the Black Sea. It shows how shipping was divided between